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class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2024-02-03T02:45:56.773Z" title="更新于 2024-02-03 10:45:56">2024-02-03</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/">技术教程</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right post-meta-separator"></i><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/mall/">mall</a><i class="fas fa-angle-right post-meta-separator"></i><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/mall/k8s/">k8s</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count">1.3k</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>6分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title="据说只有高端机器才配运行K8S，网友：1G内存的渣渣跑起来了！"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span></div></div></div><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><blockquote>
<p>记得之前使用 Minikube 安装 K8S 的时候，给分3G 内存都嫌小！最近发现一个 K8S 的经量级实现 K3S，最低0.5G 内存就能运行起来，安装方便，和 K8S 用起来区别不大。推荐给大家，希望更多没高端机器的朋友也能够把 K8S 玩起来！</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="K3S简介"><a href="#K3S简介" class="headerlink" title="#K3S简介"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.macrozheng.com/k8s/k3s_start.html#k3s%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B">#</a>K3S简介</h2><p>K3S是一个完全符合Kubernetes的发行版。可以使用单一二进制包安装（不到 100MB），安装简单，内存只有一半，最低0.5G内存就能运行。</p>
<p>为什么叫K3S？开发者希望K3S在内存占用方面只有K8S的一半，Kubernetes是一个10个字母的单词，简写为K8S。那么一半大小就是5个字母的单词，简写为K3S。</p>
<h2 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="#安装"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.macrozheng.com/k8s/k3s_start.html#%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85">#</a>安装</h2><blockquote>
<p>使用官方提供的脚本安装十分方便，一个命令即可完成安装！</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>使用脚本安装K3S，同时会安装其他实用程序，包括<code>kubectl</code>、<code>crictl</code>、<code>ctr</code>、<code>k3s-killall.sh</code>和<code>k3s-uninstall.sh</code>；</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">curl -sfL http://rancher-mirror.cnrancher.com/k3s/k3s-install.sh | INSTALL_K3S_MIRROR=cn sh -</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>安装完成后提示如下信息，并且会将K3S注册为Linux中的服务；</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Complete!</span><br><span class="line">[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/kubectl symlink to k3s</span><br><span class="line">[INFO]  Creating /usr/local/bin/crictl symlink to k3s</span><br><span class="line">[INFO]  Skipping /usr/local/bin/ctr symlink to k3s, command exists in PATH at /usr/bin/ctr</span><br><span class="line">[INFO]  Creating killall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-killall.sh</span><br><span class="line">[INFO]  Creating uninstall script /usr/local/bin/k3s-uninstall.sh</span><br><span class="line">[INFO]  env: Creating environment file /etc/systemd/system/k3s.service.env</span><br><span class="line">[INFO]  systemd: Creating service file /etc/systemd/system/k3s.service</span><br><span class="line">[INFO]  systemd: Enabling k3s unit</span><br><span class="line">[INFO]  systemd: Starting k3s</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>可以查看下服务的运行状态，此时显示状态为<code>active</code>。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@linux-local k3s]# systemctl status k3s</span><br><span class="line">● k3s.service - Lightweight Kubernetes</span><br><span class="line">   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/k3s.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)</span><br><span class="line">   Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-01-28 10:18:39 CST; 2min 0s ago</span><br><span class="line">     Docs: https://k3s.io</span><br><span class="line">  Process: 14983 ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe overlay (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)</span><br><span class="line">  Process: 14981 ExecStartPre=/sbin/modprobe br_netfilter (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)</span><br><span class="line"> Main PID: 14986 (k3s-server)</span><br><span class="line">    Tasks: 71</span><br><span class="line">   Memory: 776.3M</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="使用"><a href="#使用" class="headerlink" title="#使用"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.macrozheng.com/k8s/k3s_start.html#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8">#</a>使用</h2><blockquote>
<p>我们使用kubectl命令操作K3S与之前操作Minikube中的K8S并没有什么区别，这次还是创建一个Nginx的Deployment，然后通过创建Service将其暴露到外部访问。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="创建集群"><a href="#创建集群" class="headerlink" title="#创建集群"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.macrozheng.com/k8s/k3s_start.html#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4">#</a>创建集群</h3><ul>
<li>由于K3S默认安装了kubectl工具，我们可以直接使用它，比如查看kubectl的版本号；</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">kubectl version</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Client Version: version.Info&#123;Major:&quot;1&quot;, Minor:&quot;20&quot;, GitVersion:&quot;v1.20.2+k3s1&quot;, GitCommit:&quot;1d4adb0301b9a63ceec8cabb11b309e061f43d5f&quot;, GitTreeState:&quot;clean&quot;, BuildDate:&quot;2021-01-14T23:52:37Z&quot;, GoVersion:&quot;go1.15.5&quot;, Compiler:&quot;gc&quot;, Platform:&quot;linux/amd64&quot;&#125;</span><br><span class="line">Server Version: version.Info&#123;Major:&quot;1&quot;, Minor:&quot;20&quot;, GitVersion:&quot;v1.20.2+k3s1&quot;, GitCommit:&quot;1d4adb0301b9a63ceec8cabb11b309e061f43d5f&quot;, GitTreeState:&quot;clean&quot;, BuildDate:&quot;2021-01-14T23:52:37Z&quot;, GoVersion:&quot;go1.15.5&quot;, Compiler:&quot;gc&quot;, Platform:&quot;linux/amd64&quot;&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>还可以查看集群详细信息；</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">kubectl cluster-info</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Kubernetes control plane is running at https://127.0.0.1:6443</span><br><span class="line">CoreDNS is running at https://127.0.0.1:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy</span><br><span class="line">Metrics-server is running at https://127.0.0.1:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:metrics-server:/proxy</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>查看集群中的所有Node，可以发现K3S和之前的Minikube一样创建了一个单节点的简单集群。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">kubectl get nodes</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">NAME          STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION</span><br><span class="line">linux-local   Ready    control-plane,master   11m   v1.20.2+k3s1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="部署应用"><a href="#部署应用" class="headerlink" title="#部署应用"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.macrozheng.com/k8s/k3s_start.html#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8">#</a>部署应用</h3><ul>
<li>指定好应用镜像并创建一个Deployment，这里创建一个Nginx应用；</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">kubectl create deployment nginx-deployment --image=nginx:1.10</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>查看所有Deployment；</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">kubectl get deployments</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE</span><br><span class="line">nginx-deployment   1/1     1            1           6s</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="查看应用"><a href="#查看应用" class="headerlink" title="#查看应用"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.macrozheng.com/k8s/k3s_start.html#%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8">#</a>查看应用</h3><ul>
<li>查看Pod的详细状态，包括IP地址、占用端口、使用镜像等信息；</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">kubectl describe pods</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Name:         nginx-deployment-597c48c9dd-j49bc</span><br><span class="line">Namespace:    default</span><br><span class="line">Priority:     0</span><br><span class="line">Node:         linux-local/192.168.5.15</span><br><span class="line">Start Time:   Thu, 28 Jan 2021 10:53:14 +0800</span><br><span class="line">Labels:       app=nginx-deployment</span><br><span class="line">              pod-template-hash=597c48c9dd</span><br><span class="line">Annotations:  &lt;none&gt;</span><br><span class="line">Status:       Running</span><br><span class="line">IP:           10.42.0.7</span><br><span class="line">IPs:</span><br><span class="line">  IP:           10.42.0.7</span><br><span class="line">Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/nginx-deployment-597c48c9dd</span><br><span class="line">Containers:</span><br><span class="line">  nginx:</span><br><span class="line">    Container ID:   containerd://560bbeefc9c5714b92ae9d0a1305c2b8746082f4aa11791a2b6e1f4288254ef0</span><br><span class="line">    Image:          nginx:1.10</span><br><span class="line">    Image ID:       docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:6202beb06ea61f44179e02ca965e8e13b961d12640101fca213efbfd145d7575</span><br><span class="line">    Port:           &lt;none&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    Host Port:      &lt;none&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    State:          Running</span><br><span class="line">      Started:      Thu, 28 Jan 2021 10:53:16 +0800</span><br><span class="line">    Ready:          True</span><br><span class="line">    Restart Count:  0</span><br><span class="line">    Environment:    &lt;none&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    Mounts:</span><br><span class="line">      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-fnrf7 (ro)</span><br><span class="line">Conditions:</span><br><span class="line">  Type              Status</span><br><span class="line">  Initialized       True </span><br><span class="line">  Ready             True </span><br><span class="line">  ContainersReady   True </span><br><span class="line">  PodScheduled      True </span><br><span class="line">Volumes:</span><br><span class="line">  default-token-fnrf7:</span><br><span class="line">    Type:        Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)</span><br><span class="line">    SecretName:  default-token-fnrf7</span><br><span class="line">    Optional:    false</span><br><span class="line">QoS Class:       BestEffort</span><br><span class="line">Node-Selectors:  &lt;none&gt;</span><br><span class="line">Tolerations:     node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s</span><br><span class="line">                 node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s</span><br><span class="line">Events:</span><br><span class="line">  Type    Reason     Age   From               Message</span><br><span class="line">  ----    ------     ----  ----               -------</span><br><span class="line">  Normal  Scheduled  38s   default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/nginx-deployment-597c48c9dd-j49bc to linux-local</span><br><span class="line">  Normal  Pulled     38s   kubelet            Container image &quot;nginx:1.10&quot; already present on machine</span><br><span class="line">  Normal  Created    38s   kubelet            Created container nginx</span><br><span class="line">  Normal  Started    37s   kubelet            Started container nginx</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>进入容器内部并执行<code>bash</code>命令，如果想退出容器可以使用<code>exit</code>命令。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">kubectl exec -it nginx-deployment-597c48c9dd-j49bc -- bash</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="外部访问应用"><a href="#外部访问应用" class="headerlink" title="#外部访问应用"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.macrozheng.com/k8s/k3s_start.html#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8">#</a>外部访问应用</h3><ul>
<li>创建一个Service来暴露<code>nginx-deployment</code>这个Deployment：</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">kubectl expose deployment/nginx-deployment --name=&quot;nginx-service&quot; --type=&quot;NodePort&quot; --port=80</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>查看所有Service的状态；</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">kubectl get services</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE</span><br><span class="line">kubernetes      ClusterIP   10.43.0.1     &lt;none&gt;        443/TCP        77m</span><br><span class="line">nginx-service   NodePort    10.43.29.39   &lt;none&gt;        80:31494/TCP   10s</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>在Linux服务器上通过CURL命令即可访问Nginx服务，此时将打印Nginx主页信息；</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">curl localhost:31494</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>相比Minikube在虚拟机中安装容器化应用，K3S直接在本机上安装，直接打开防火墙端口即可在外部访问；</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 开启端口</span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=31494/tcp --permanent</span><br><span class="line"># 重启防火墙</span><br><span class="line">firewall-cmd --reload</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>在外部即可访问Nginx主页，访问地址：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://192.168.5.15:31494/">http://192.168.5.15:31494</a></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://qiniu.ko25891wan.top/%E6%97%A5%E8%AE%B0%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6/obsition/2024-02-03_10:45:53_220754c1a1dd5918e135c1520a363ba9.png"></p>
<h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="#总结"></a><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.macrozheng.com/k8s/k3s_start.html#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93">#</a>总结</h2><p>K3S确实是一个很好用的K8S发行版本，不仅安装方便，而且内存占用也降低了。由于直接在本机上安装容器化应用，外部访问也方便了！</p>
</article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-user fa-fw"></i>文章作者: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://ko25891wan.gitlab.io">十一星野</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-square-arrow-up-right fa-fw"></i>文章链接: </span><span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://ko25891wan.gitlab.io/2024/01/5b066fc16fed.html">https://ko25891wan.gitlab.io/2024/01/5b066fc16fed.html</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta"><i class="fas fa-circle-exclamation fa-fw"></i>版权声明: </span><span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://ko25891wan.gitlab.io" target="_blank">小小程序员</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"></div><div 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class="toc-text">使用</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">创建集群</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">部署应用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">查看应用</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8"><span class="toc-number">3.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">外部访问应用</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget 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